Aim: This study aims to compare temperament in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their healthy siblings and to assess the association between ADHD symptoms and temperament dimensions in healthy siblings. Material and Methods: A hundred and twenty children (60 children with ADHD and 60 siblings-one for each child with ADHD) were assessed retrospectively on temperament measurement schedule (TMS) and conners parent rating scale revised: short form (CPRS-R: S).Siblings of children with ADHD scored significantly lower than the probands on all subscales of CPRS-R: S. Results: Mean age of the patients were 11.4 and mean education years in patients was 5.1. Majority of them were males (63.3%) and females were (36.7%) respectively. Persistence as a temperamental trait emerged to have a significant negative correlation with all the four subscales (oppositional, inattention, hyperactivity, ADHD index) of CPRS-R: S in siblings of children with ADHD. Conclusion: Higher persistence in siblings appears to offer protection to these at-risk individuals who do not have ADHD; favoring the dual pathway model of ADHD.