Introduction:Nephrectomy is a common urological procedure done for a variety of conditions like chronic infections, obstruction, injury and neoplasms. Aims and Objectives: To study the histopathological spectrum of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens Materials and Methods: All the nephrectomy cases from the period of April 2014 to March 2016 were included in the study. Results: A total of 49 cases were studied during the study period. Non-neoplastic lesions comprised of 42 cases (85.71%) & neoplastic lesions was 07 cases (14.29%). Chronic pyelonephritis predominated in the non-neoplastic group & in the neoplastic group renal cell carcinoma was the commonest. Conclusion: Chronic pyelonephritis is the commonest lesion in nephrectomy specimens with female predominance and renal cell carcinoma is the commonest malignant tumour encountered.