Sleep is a physiological mechanism that regulates some metabolic and endocrine functions. Therefore, disturbance in sleep quantity and quality precipitate in metabolic dysfunction. Chronic sleep deprivation, as well as metabolic syndrome, are conflicts that increasingly recognized in modern society, their prevalence is raised over the years. Several studies have suggested a correlation between sleep insufficiency and different aspects of metabolic syndrome namely obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. In contrast, others found the opposite that long sleep duration is correlated with metabolic syndrome factors. However, the exact pathophysiological pathway is still unknown. These factors can lead to serious health problems as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the current knowledge of the association between sleep deprivation and risk of metabolic syndrome development.