Regional diversity and socio cultural determinants largely affect neonatal health. Based on this background, the current study was planned to assess the socio and demographic pattern and the mortality pattern of the Neonates admitted to NICU. The study was planned by enrolling the 100 neonates admitted in Department of Paediatrics in NMCH Patna from Feb 2015 to July 2015. The data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire from parents. Information regarding diagnosis was recorded from the indoor bed head tickets. Following was the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study. Hence from above studies it can be concluded that Respiratory distress syndrome and Birth asphyxia accounted is major cause of NICU admissions. This can be reduced by improving antenatal care of pregnant women, timely interventions and of high risk pregnancies to tertiary care centre. Strengthening of secondary level new born care units is a viable option that will help to decrease the burden of tertiary level NICUs.