Background: Hypertension is an emerging public health concern among tribal populations. This study examined the association between selected lifestyle variables and hypertension among adult males from the Kalindi and Mahato communities of Purulia district, West Bengal, India.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 male participants aged 18 years and above, including 115 Kalindi and 112 Mahato participants. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed, with community included as an adjustment variable. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results: The Kalindi community exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension (45.3%) than the Mahato community (37.5%). Junk food consumption (AOR = 3.490, p = 0.003), extra salt intake (AOR = 2.115, p = 0.017), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.171, p = 0.024), moderate physical activity (AOR = 4.247, p = 0.003), and low physical activity (AOR = 6.188, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with hypertension. Tobacco use was not significantly associated with hypertension (AOR = 1.107, p = 0.852).

Conclusion: Junk food consumption, extra salt intake, alcohol consumption, and lower physical activity levels were significantly associated with hypertension among the studied participants. These findings highlight the importance of considering modifiable lifestyle factors in hypertension prevention and control among the Kalindi and Mahato communities.